Compared to linear peptides, cyclic peptides exhibit excellent biocompatibility and chemical diversity, making them effective in overcoming limitations and playing a crucial role in new drug development. In recent years, there have been significant advances in cyclic peptide synthesis strategies and their applications in drug development. Protein-protein interactions (PPI) play a crucial role...

The formation of 2,5-diketopiperazine (DKP) with a bicyclic structure is one of the most detrimental side reactions and degradation pathways affecting peptide synthesis. Despite its crucial role as a versatile building block in drug discovery, the formation of DKP reactions is highly undesirable in the production of peptide drugs. DKP formation can occur during the process...